This paper will introduce the category and provide a rough census of recent failed proposals, taxonomizing reasons for failure and trying to draw some conclusions about conditions for success.

This paper will consider several African cases of failed proposals, including Zambia, Tanzania and Kenya in the early 2000s.

This paper will consider several cases of failed proposals in North African and the Middle East, including Yemen, Libya and others.

This paper will consider several cases of failed proposals in Latin America, including Chile under President Michelle Bachelet, along with several other cases.