In previous papers I have examined how the use of the principle of proportionality has made it possible for constitutional courts to use a common, familiar legal terminology to address and rely on the public health evidence that demonstrates the lack of any dissuasive effect of criminal sanctions for abortion. Approaching constitutional courts using a combination of the empirical evidence and its translation into constitutional language has enormous potential. For this paper, I would like to further develop this line of research by exploring whether criminal/restrictive laws on abortion, as applied on the ground, can meet the requirements of the rule of law.

Our 2020 Annual Conference was scheduled to be held at the University of Wrocław in Poland on July 9-11, 2020.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ICON·S Executive Committee has decided to postpone our 2020 Conference to 2021. Our next Annual Conference will take place from July 8-10, 2021, in Wrocław, Poland.
Procedural details regarding the organization of the 2021 Conference will follow in the months ahead.
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