My paper will discuss how the separation of powers, as understood in civil law countries, proved ineffective in protecting liberty. I will argue that it has been quietly replaced by what Americans consider a system of checks and balances. I will argue that checks and balances are needed because as Lord Acton put it “Power corrupts; and absolute power corrupts absolutely. I will discuss the regimes in Germany; France; Italy; Brazil; Mexico; South Korea; and Indonesia.
Our 2020 Annual Conference was scheduled to be held at the University of Wrocław in Poland on July 9-11, 2020.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ICON·S Executive Committee has decided to postpone our 2020 Conference to 2021. Our next Annual Conference will take place from July 8-10, 2021, in Wrocław, Poland.
Procedural details regarding the organization of the 2021 Conference will follow in the months ahead.
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